絮凝—γ射线辐照技术处理印染废水

采用絮凝—γ射线辐照技术处理印染废水,研究了最佳絮凝条件以及吸收剂量率、吸收剂量、废水pH和H2O2浓度对废水辐照处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:采用絮凝和辐照技术联用对印染废水的处理效果明显优于两个方法单独使用的效果;辐照可以显著降低废水中COD、TOC、TC和苯胺类物质的含量,并提高废水的可生化性;吸收剂量率对废水处理效果影响不大;随废水中H2O2浓度增加,COD、TOC、TIC及苯胺类含量均有所下降.     

OECD鱼类生物蓄积测试的优化策略研究

作为化学品风险管理中的重要环境行为参数,生物蓄积性不仅是分类、标签、评价和控制环境风险的基本指标,也是鉴别化学物质持久性和环境危害性的重要标准。2012年OECD颁布了新的生物蓄积测试方法,由此给生物蓄积优化策略带来了全新的挑战,原有的判别优化策略的方法需要作出新的发展与调整。针对新生物蓄积测试方法引发的优化策略挑战,通过层次研究及文献分析,归纳了基于OECD新305生物蓄积测试标准的优化测试策略,为优化、简化测试及化学品安全管理提供了科学基础。     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

基于强度退化的震损加固型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力分析

为了建立碳纤维布或外包钢套震损加固型钢混凝土柱的抗剪承载力计算式,基于碳纤维布或外包钢套加固型钢混凝土柱试验研究,分析了原柱材料的地震损伤以及混凝土受剪机理的差异,比较了不同抗剪模型建立的抗剪承载力计算值的差异性。经验证,计算值与其试验值吻合较好,说明基于强度退化的震损加固型钢混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算公式是可行的。基于GB50010-2010、ACI318-08和CSA-04三种不同抗剪模型建立的抗剪承载力计算值差异较大,说明震损加固柱中钢筋混凝土承担剪力的分析不容忽视。     

韶钢外委项目安全管理措施

随着企业用工制度的改革和深化,多层次、多方位、多形式的用工体系已经形成,给企业固有的安全管理网络体系形成了较大的冲击,特别是《安全生产法》的全面实施,给企业的安全管理工作赋予了更多的内容。针对韶钢外委项日实际情况,论述了外委项目安全管理的措施。     

城市交通枢纽混凝土楼面动力放大系数实测研究

城市交通枢纽混凝土楼面的动力荷载效应不可忽视,现有结构设计规范尚未给出相应规定。以某大型城市公共交通枢纽为研究对象,开展了楼面结构在重载公交车辆作用下多个行车工况的现场测试,获取了不同行车速度下楼面结构的应变、挠度等动力响应,在此基础上计算了楼面结构的动力放大系数。结果表明:结构由动力荷载产生的响应明显大于静力荷载产生的响应;随行车速度的增加,动力放大系数先增大后减小;结构应变响应的动力放大系数比位移响应的动力放大系数取值范围大。研究成果可为大跨混凝土楼面板动力放大系数的取值提供参考。     

大气颗粒物吸附的空气微生物毒性效应的研究进展

大气污染与人群健康关系的研究表明,灰霾天气中的大气颗粒物上附着有多种可吸入微生物,包括病毒、细菌和真菌.大气颗粒物中的部分有机物质能够与这些微生物相互作用,进而改变颗粒物上附着微生物的致病性和持久性.大气颗粒物及其所吸附的病原微生物来源广泛,种类繁多,并由于大气污染加重而越发显得重要.本文结合以往文献资料和新型冠状病毒肺炎的一些实验观察数据,综述了大气颗粒物附着的微生物种类、影响微生物存活的环境条件、与疾病流行的内在关系、大气颗粒物对所附着的可吸入微生物的影响和与疾病相关的毒性效应等5个方面,进一步为大气污染预防和控制措施提供思路和方法.     

新型溴代阻燃剂TBB和TBPH的生态毒理研究进展

新型溴代阻燃剂2-乙基己基-四溴苯甲酸(2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate,TBB)和2,3,4,5-四溴-苯二羧酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate,TBPH)作为传统溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(poly brominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)的替代品,广泛应用于工业和人类日常生活用品中,已在各种环境介质和生物体甚至人体中被检测出,由此可能对生态环境和人类健康产生潜在的风险.本文对TBB和TBPH这2种新型溴代阻燃剂的最新生态毒理学研究进展进行了综述,介绍了 TBB和TBPH在各类环境介质和生物体中的分布、环境归趋、人群暴露状况以及有关的生物毒性效应.最后对TBB和TBPH研究存在的问题进行了梳理分析,提出了研究展望,以期促进TBB和TBPH的环境风险和人类健康风险评价的深入研究.     

Species richness in a riparian plant community along the banks of the Xiangxi River,the Three Gorges region

The distribution of vascular plant species richness along an altitudinal gradient and their relationships with environmental variables, including slope, aspect, bank (flooding) height, and river width of the Xiangxi River, Hubei Province, were examined. Total vascular plant species richness changed with elevation: it increased at lower elevations, reached a maximum in the midreaches and decreased thereafter. In particular, tree and herbaceous species richness were related to altitude. Correlation analysis (Kendall's τ) between species richness and environmental variables indicated that the change in species richness in the riparian zone was determined by riparian environmental factors and characteristics of regional vegetation distribution along the altitudinal gradient. The low species richness at lower elevations resulted from seasonal flooding and human activities – agriculture and fuel collection – and the higher species richness in the midreaches reflected transitional zones in natural vegetation types that had had little disturbance. These results on species distribution in the riparian community could be utilized as a reference for restoration efforts to improve water quality of the emerging reservoir resulting from the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Dam project.